Introduction. Saliva is an important component of immune defense against oral infections. The study of biomarker changes in oral fluid provides a better understanding of the relationship between periodontal disease and metabolic disorders in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between salivary biomarkers and periodontal health in adolescents with type 1 DM.  

Material and research methods. The material for the study of proinflammatory IL-8, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, VEGF-A and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was unstimulated oral fluid from 55 patients with diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 28 patients with glucose values ≥ 7 mmol/L, 27 patients with glucose values ≤ 7 (mmol/L).The comparison group was 28 patients (Ⅰ and Ⅱ health groups) with initial manifestations of inflammatory periodontal diseases - simple marginal chronic gingivitis. Dental status was recorded using the Green-Vermillion simplified hygiene index (OHI-S, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified, 1964), PMA (Schour, Massler, 1948) modified by Parma (C. Parma, 1960), SBI index (Muhlemann and Son, 1971) modified by Cowell (1975).The studies were carried out by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with the help of commercial reagent kits of JSC “Vector-Best” (Novosibirsk, Russia).  The results of the study. The content in unstimulated oral fluid of IL-1β in patients with type 1 DM was 84.1 [95-74.6] pg/mL in the group with glucose ≤ 7 mmol/L, 80.1 [115.4-64.9] pg/mL in the group with glucose ≥ 7 (mmol/L), 23.1 [28.2-18.6] pg/mL in the comparison group, VEGF-A was 1340 [1545-967.5] pg/mL, 1170 [1517.5-954.8] pg/mL in group 2, and 1655 [1860-1370.5]pg/mL in group 3. TNF-α was higher in group 1-9.8 [11.4-7.5] pg/mL than in group 2-8.3 [10.3-6.6] pg/mL and in group 3-1 [1.1-0.9]  pg/mL (p<0.05). 

Conclusion. Using ROC curve analysis, these biomarkers were found to have better sensitivity and specificity. Rise of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β content in mixed saliva up to 285.5 [339.8-214.5] pg/ml, 9.8 [11.4-7.5], 84.1 [95-74.6] pg/ml, respectively, characterized high medians of OHI-s, PMA and SBI indices, associated with high activity of inflammatory-destructive changes in periodontal tissues and impaired metabolic control of glucose level.