The objective of the present study was to investigate the specific patterns of local cytokine production, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), in elderly and senile patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Materials and Methods. The study cohort comprised patients aged between 45 and 90 years, all of whom were diagnosed with CRS and provided written informed consent. The laboratory assessment included quantitative analysis of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and sIL-2R concentrations in nasal secretions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results. The highest levels of IL-2 were detected in younger patients (aged 45–59 years) with CRS compared to older individuals. The peak concentration of IL-6 was observed in patients aged 75–90 years, with levels significantly exceeding those of age-matched healthy controls, indicating a more pronounced inflammatory response in the oldest age group. Cytokine concentrations exceeding 600 pg/ml were predominantly identified in CRS patients. Elevated IL-10 levels were noted in the fourth study group, surpassing those of the comparison cohorts. Increased production of sIL-2R was detected in elderly patients with CRS.

Conclusion. The highest levels of macrophage-monocyte cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were found in nasal lavages from CRS patients aged 75–90 years, while the highest concentrations of IL-4 were characteristic of patients aged 45–59 years.