Bikram Chhetri
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, BhutanTitle: Prevalence of major depressive disorder in adult patients with alcohol use disorder admitted in the psychiatric ward at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
Abstract
Introduction :
The increasing prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with detrimental consequences, affecting the course and outcome of each disorder. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to study the prevalence and severity of MDD and associated risk factors in Bhutanese adult patients with AUD admitted to the psychiatric ward, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, from March 2020 to February 2021.
Methods:
All patients with AUD presenting for alcohol detoxification for the first time with MDD as the only associated psychiatric comorbidity were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariate binary logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with depression using two models. All independent variables were computed for multivariate logistic regression in Model 1. For Model 2, variables with p<0.2 from Model 1 were included. Akaike information criterion (AIC) score was used to construct our final multivariable model.
Results:
The overall prevalence of major depression (PHQ- 9 score ?10) among the participants was 38% (59/155).
Participants with mild depression (PHQ-9 score = 5–9) were excluded. Participants with family history of alcohol and substance use disorder demonstrated higher prevalence of depression (p=0.03). In the multivariate binary logistic regression, female participants (AOR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.01– 4.75) and respondents with family history of psychiatric illness (AOR=4.63; 95% CI: 1.17–18.44) were more likely to develop MDD.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of MDD in AUD patients. Female gender, having a positive family history of psychiatric illness and a positive family history of alcohol and drug use were associated with increased likelihood of developing depression. Routine screening, initiating appropriate treatment, referral and follow-up of MDD in AUD patients may improve the prognosis of both the disorders.
Biography
Dr. Bikram Chhetri is working as the Offtg. Head and Consultant Psychiatrist at the Department of Psychiatry, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital after completion of MD in Psychiatry from the postgraduate institute of medicine in the Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan in June 2022. He has 3 publications so far. Besides his clinical duty as a psychiatrist, he is also involved in teaching and supervising residents in psychiatry, general practitioners, medical intern doctors, clinical counseling students and nursing students. Music and football are his other passion after medicine.
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