In the summer of 2022, the Mpox outbreak was declared as a public emergency due to the rapid, high number of cases in countries where case detection was uncommon. The most affected country within the European Union is Spain, and its association and spread related to risky sexual contact, predominantly in men who have sex with men, are abundantly clear based on existing literature. However, there may also be cases in people without risky sexual behavior and in semi-urban areas where there are no specialized centers for its detection. Therefore, primary care is of great importance for the identification of suspected cases, as it can be the first medical contact and the basis of healthcare in many countries. Sharing knowledge about the disease, the evolution of lesions (which can be confused with other sexually transmitted infections), and the diagnostic methods are the basis for maintaining active surveillance in periods where the incidence is low and for early detection and prevention of new outbreaks. 

Andrés Martínez Arias specializes in family and community medicine, has a master's degree in international health and cooperation, and complete recently his PhD in emerging viral diseases in the northern metropolitan health region of Barcelona: evolution and risks in native and immigrant populations. He currently works in the emergency department as physician of a regional and secondary-level hospital.