Background: Low back pain (LBP) is recognized globally as a significant occupational health issue, particularly among nursing professionals due to the physical nature of their responsibilities. In Oman, limited research has been conducted on this subject. This study aims to assess the prevalence of LBP among nurses at Suhar Hospital and to identify the associated risk factors, while also evaluating the severity and consequences of the condition.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Suhar Hospital, Oman, in September 2024. A total of 385 nurses were recruited using convenience sampling and completed an electronic questionnaire. The instrument comprised four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, occupational factors, and LBP prevalence and its consequences, utilizing the validated Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The severity of LBP was measured using a numeric rating scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Excel. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant predictors of LBP, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results: The response rate was 100%, with 82.34% (317 nurses; 95% CI: 78.5–86.1) reporting LBP. Factors significantly associated with increased LBP risk included female gender (AOR = 3.972, p = 0.041), history of surgical intervention (AOR = 3.149, p = 0.002), assignment to the female internal medicine ward (AOR = 11.022, p = 0.016), and inadequate staffing levels (AOR = 2.316, p = 0.017). Non-Omani nationality was found to be protective (AOR = 0.149, p < 0.001), whereas being an Omani national posed a higher risk.

Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of LBP among nurses at Suhar Hospital. Several demographic and occupational factors were identified as significant contributors, Minimizing risks fosters a healthier workplace for nursing professionals.